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Creators/Authors contains: "Milchberg, H M"

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  1. ; ; ; ; (, Review of Scientific Instruments)
    Pushing the high energy frontier of laser wakefield electron acceleration to 10 GeV and beyond requires extending the propagation of relativistic intensity pulses to ∼1 m in a low density (Ne ∼ 1017 cm−3) plasma waveguide. We present the development and characterization of two types of supersonic gas jets for meter-scale multi-GeV laser wakefield accelerators. The first type is a 30-cm long single-module gas jet, which demonstrates good axial uniformity using hydrogen. The second type is a modular jet composed of multiple 11-cm-long modules. Longitudinal density profile control is demonstrated with a 2-module (22 cm long) hydrogen jet using gas valve trigger timing. A 1.0-m-long jet is then assembled from nine modules, and generation of 1.0-m long hydrogen plasma is demonstrated using a femtosecond Bessel beam. To our knowledge, this is the longest gas jet laser plasma yet generated. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available April 1, 2026
  2. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Physics of Plasmas)
    Low-density meter-scale plasma waveguides produced in meter-scale supersonic gas jets have paved the way for recent demonstrations of all-optical multi-gigaelectronvolt laser wakefield acceleration (LWFA). This paper reviews recent advances by the University of Maryland, which have enabled these results, focusing on the development of elongated supersonic gas jets up to ∼1 m in length, experimental and simulation studies of plasma waveguide formation, and a new three-stage model for relativistic pulse propagation dynamics in these waveguides. We also present results from recent LWFA experiments conducted at the Laboratory for Advanced Lasers and Extreme Photonics at Colorado State University demonstrating high charge, low divergence electron bunches to ∼10 GeV, with laser-to-electron beam efficiency of at least ∼30%. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available May 1, 2026
  3. ; ; ; ; ; (, Physical Review Accelerators and Beams)
    Hydrodynamic plasma waveguides initiated by optical field ionization have recently become a key component of multi-GeV laser wakefield accelerators. Here, we present the most complete and accurate experimental and simulation-based characterization to date, applicable to current multi-GeV experiments and future 100 GeV-scale laser plasma accelerators. Crucial to the simulations is the correct modeling of intense Bessel beam interaction with meter-scale gas targets, the results of which are used as initial conditions for hydrodynamic simulations. The simulations are in good agreement with our experiments measuring evolving plasma and neutral hydrogen density profiles using two-color short pulse interferometry, enabling realistic determination of the guided mode structure for application to laser-driven plasma accelerator design. Published by the American Physical Society2024 
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  4. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Physical Review Letters)
    Free, publicly-accessible full text available December 1, 2025
  5. ; ; ; (, Physical Review X)
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  6. ; ; ; ; (, Physical Review Letters)
  7. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; (, Physical Review Letters)
  8. ; ; ; (, Physics of Plasmas)
    We present results from two new techniques for the generation of meter-scale, low density (∼1017 cm−3 on axis) plasma waveguides, the “two-Bessel” technique, and the “self-waveguiding” technique. Plasma waveguides of this density and length range are needed for demonstration of a ∼10 GeV laser wakefield accelerator module, key for future staging for a ∼TeV lepton collider. Both techniques require the use of high quality ultrashort pulse Bessel beams to efficiently and uniformly ionize hydrogen gas in meter-scale supersonic gas jets via optical field ionization. We review these two techniques, describe our meter-scale gas jets, and present a new method for correction of optical aberrations in Bessel beams. Finally, we briefly present results from recent experiments employing one of our techniques, demonstrating quasi-monoenergetic acceleration of ∼5 GeV electron bunches in 20 cm long, low density plasma waveguides. 
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  9. ; ; (, Physical Review Letters)
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  10. ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; et al (, Physical Review X)
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